Nuchal Translucency (NT) Scan
Performed between 11–13 weeks, the NT scan measures fluid at the back of the baby's neck (nuchal translucency). An increased measurement can indicate a higher risk of Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21) and other chromosomal abnormalities. Combined with blood tests (PAPP-A and free beta-hCG), it provides a risk probability — not a definitive diagnosis.
NIPT (Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing)
A blood test from 10 weeks of pregnancy that analyses cell-free fetal DNA to screen for Trisomy 21, 18, and 13 with over 99% sensitivity. Non-invasive, no risk to pregnancy, and increasingly recommended as the preferred first-line screening method.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
CVS is performed between 11–14 weeks. A small sample of placental tissue (chorionic villi) is obtained — either through the abdomen or cervix — and sent for chromosomal analysis. CVS provides a definitive diagnosis in the first trimester. The procedure carries a small risk of pregnancy loss (approximately 0.5–1%).
Amniocentesis
Performed between 15–20 weeks, amniocentesis involves taking a small sample of amniotic fluid through the abdomen under ultrasound guidance. The fetal cells in the fluid are cultured for definitive chromosomal analysis. Results take 2–3 weeks. Risk of pregnancy loss is approximately 0.5–1%.
What Happens If a Test Shows an Abnormality?
Receiving an abnormal result is a profoundly difficult moment. Dr. Juneja approaches these consultations with complete honesty, deep compassion, and full respect for your autonomy. All options are discussed — including continuing the pregnancy with appropriate support, further specialist input, and compassionate management of all outcomes. You will never be rushed or pressured.